View publications from Solar Tsunamis: Space-Weather Prediction and Risk Mitigation for New Zealand’s Energy Infrastructure (ST1): 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021
Publications
2026
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Subritzky, Soren, Andrew Lapthorn, Stewart Hardie, et al. 2026. High Voltage DC Active Current Injection to Simulate Geomagnetically Induced Currents in New Zealand. Space Weather 24 (3): e2025SW004681. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025SW004681. |
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Ingham, M., T. Divett, M. Sigley, and C. J. Rodger. 2026. Assessment of Extreme Storm and Cumulative Risks to the New Zealand Gas Pipeline Network From Space Weather. Space Weather 24 (3): e2025SW004890. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025SW004890. |
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Billcliff, M., A. W. Smith, M. Owens, et al. 2026. Extended Lead-Time Geomagnetic Storm Forecasting With Solar Wind Ensembles and Machine Learning. Space Weather 24 (3): e2025SW004823. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025SW004823. |
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Malone-Leigh, John, Craig J. Rodger, Aaron T. Hendry, et al. 2026.The MANA Magnetometer Array, and Magnetic Observations Across New Zealand From 2024. Space Weather 24 (2): e2025SW004629. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025SW004629. |
2025
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Ingham, M, K Pratscher, W Heise, E Bertrand, and M Kruglyakov, Long period magnetotelluric measurements in southern South Island, New Zealand: The resistivity structure of eastern province terranes, J. Geophys. Res., 130, e2024JB030346, doi:10.1029/2024JB030346, 2025 |
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Wang, T, D Fletcher, M Parry, C J Rodger, A W Smith, and T Petersen, Better forecasting of extreme geomagnetic storms using non-stationary statistical models, Space Weather, 23, e2025SW004404, doi:10.1029/2025SW004404, 2025. |
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Ishii, M, J E R Costa, M Kuznesova, M M Bisi, A Meza, A M Veronig, C M Denardini, C Plainaki, S Dasso, M Temmer, M G Molina, J Berdermann, K Yoon, J A Gonzalez-Esparza, J A Valdivia, P Supnithi, R Marshall, S L Bruinsma, T Onsager, V Lanabere, W Pötzi, Z Bouya, C J Rodger, V Bothmer, B Luo, D Nandy, D Martini, P Wintoft, J Kero, D Jackson, K Kholodkov, B Rabiu, C Cid, L Alfonsi , J-P Raulin, D Boteler, D E S Castill, and Y Tulunay, Global Landscape of Space Weather Observations, Research and Operations, Adv. Space Res., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.06.021, 2025 |
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Mac Manus, D H, C J Rodger, A Renton, V Lo, J Malone-Leigh, T Petersen, M Copland, M A Clilverd, A T Hendry, and G S Richardson, Implementing GIC mitigation during the May 2024 ‘Gannon’ G5 storm: Research informed response by the New Zealand Power Network, Space Weather, 23, e2025SW004388, doi:10.1029/2025SW004388, 2025. |
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Juusola, Liisa, Heikki Vanhamäki, Elena Marshalko, Mikhail Kruglyakov, and Ari Viljanen. 2025. Estimation of the 3-D Geoelectric Field at the Earth’s Surface Using Spherical Elementary Current Systems. Annales Geophysicae 43 (1): 271–301. doi:10.5194/angeo-43-271-2025. |
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Ingham, M, T Divett, C J Rodger, and M Sigley, Observed Effects of the May 2024 Gannon Storm on the New Zealand Gas Pipeline Network—Toward Predicting the Effects of an Extreme Storm, Space Weather, 23, e2024SW004258, doi:10.1029/2024SW004258, 2025. |
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Clilverd, M A, C J Rodger, D H Mac Manus, J B Brundell, M Dalzell, A Renton, V Lo, A Lapthorn, A W Smith, J Malone-Leigh, X Feng, and T Petersen, Geomagnetically Induced Currents, Transformer Harmonics, and Reactive Power Impacts of the Gannon Storm in May 2024, Space Weather, 23, e2024SW004235, doi:10.1029/2024SW004235, 2025. |
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Kruglyakov, M, and A Kuvshinov, Joint time-domain modeling magnetic field variations of ionospheric and magnetospheric origin: Conceptual framework and practical implementation, J. Geophys. Res., 130, e2024JA033328, doi:10.1029/2024JA033328, 2025. |
2024
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Liu, T Z, X Shi, M D Hartinger, V Angelopoulos, Y Qi, C Shi, C J Rodger, A Viljanen, H Parry, I Mann, J Gannon, D Cordell, H Madanian, D H Mac Manus, M Dalzell, R Cui, R MacMullin, G Y Morris, N Christian, and J Streifling, Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection, Space Weather, 22, e2024SW003993, doi:10.1029/2024SW003993, 2024. |
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Oliveira, Denny M., Robert C. Allen, Livia R. Alves, Séan P. Blake, Brett A. Carter, Dibyendu Chakrabarty, Giulia D’Angelo, et al. Predicting Interplanetary Shock Occurrence for Solar Cycle 25: Opportunities and Challenges in Space Weather Research. Space Weather 22, no. 8: e2024SW003964. doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003964, 2024 |
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Pratscher, K. M., M. Ingham, D. H. Mac Manus, M. Kruglyakov, W. Heise, C. J. Rodger, T. Divett, E. Bertrand, M. Dalzell, and J. Brundell. Modeling GIC in the Southern South Island of Aotearoa New Zealand Using Magnetotelluric Data. Space Weather 22, no. 7: e2024SW003907. doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003907, July 2024 |
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Crack, Malcolm, Craig J. Rodger, Mark A. Clilverd, Daniel H. Mac Manus, Ian Martin, Michael Dalzell, Soren P. Subritzky, Neville R. Watson, and Tanja Petersen. Even-Order Harmonic Distortion Observations During Multiple Geomagnetic Disturbances: Investigation From New Zealand. Space Weather 22, no. 5: e2024SW003879. doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003879, 2024 |
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Vandegriff, Erik M., Daniel T. Welling, Agnit Mukhopadhyay, Andrew P. Dimmock, Steven K. Morley, and Ramon E. Lopez. Exploring Localized Geomagnetic Disturbances in Global MHD: Physics and Numerics. Space Weather 22, no. 4: e2023SW003799. doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003799, 2024 |
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Beggan, C. D., E. Clarke, E. Lawrence, E. Eaton, J. Williamson, K. Matsumoto, and H. Hayakawa. Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms From London, UK. Space Weather 22, no. 3 , e2023SW003807, doi:10.1029/2023SW003807, 2024 |
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Hübert, J., C. D. Beggan, G. S. Richardson, N. Gomez-Perez, A. Collins, and A. W. P. Thomson. Validating a UK Geomagnetically Induced Current Model Using Differential Magnetometer Measurements. Space Weather 22, no. 2, e2023SW003769, doi:10.1029/2023SW003769, 2024 |
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Subritzky, S P, A C Lapthorn, S Hardie, D H Mac Manus, C J Rodger, and M Dalzell, Assessment of Space Weather Impacts on New Zealand Power Transformers using Dissolved Gas Analysis, Space Weather, 21, e2023SW003607, doi:10.1029/2023SW003607, 2024. |
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Smith, A W, C J Rodger, D H Mac Manus, I J Rae, A R Fogg, C Forsyth, P Fisher, T Petersen, and M Dalzell, Sudden Commencements and Geomagnetically Induced Currents in New Zealand: Correlations and Dependence, Space Weather, 21, e2023SW003731, doi:10.1029/2023SW003731, 2024. |
2023
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Divett, T, M Ingham, G S Richardson, M Sigley, and C J Rodger, Modelling pipe to soil potentials from geomagnetic storms in gas pipelines in New Zealand, Space Weather, 21, e2023SW003601, doi:10.1029/2023SW003601, 2023. |
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Fillion, M, A Chulliat, P Alken, M Kruglyakov, and A Kuvshinov, A model of hourly variations of the near-Earth magnetic field generated in the inner magnetosphere and its induced counterpart, J. Geophys. Res., 128, e2023JA031913, doi:10.1029/2023JA031913, 2023. |
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Mac Manus, D H, C J Rodger, A Renton, J Ronald, D Harper, C Taylor, M Dalzell, T Divett, and M A Clilverd, Geomagnetically Induced Current Mitigation in New Zealand: Operational Mitigation method development with Industry input, Space Weather, 21, e2023SW003533, doi:10.1029/2023SW003533, 2023. This paper was featured as a EOS research spotlight, and included in the Space Weather Quarterly for December 2023. |
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Ingham, M, K Pratscher, W Heise, E Bertrand, M Kruglyakov, and C J Rodger, Influence of tectonic and geological structure on GIC in southern South Island, New Zealand, Space Weather, 21, e2023SW003550, doi:10.1029/2023SW003550, 2023. |
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Kruglyakov, M, E Marshalko, A Kuvshinov, M Smirnov, and A Viljanen, Multi-site transfer function approach for real-time modeling of the ground electric field induced by laterally-nonuniform ionospheric source, Space Weather, 21, e2023SW003621, doi:10.1029/2023SW003621, 2023. |
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Marshalko, E, M Kruglyakov, A Kuvshinov, and A Viljanen, Three-dimensional modeling of the ground electric field in Fennoscandia during the Halloween geomagnetic storm, Space Weather, 21, e2022SW003370, doi:10.1029/2022SW003370, 2023. |
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Xu, S., Chen, C., Kruglyakov, M., Kuvshinov, A., Rigaud, R., and Hu, X.: Enormously large tippers observed in southwest China. Can realistic 3-D EM modeling reproduce them? Earth, Planets and Space, doi: 10.1186/s40623-023-01863-y 2023 |
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A Lapthorn, S Hardie, P Agger, S Subritzky, M Dalzell, M Clilverd, N Cobbett, C Beggan, J Huebert, E Eaton, J Brundell, C Rodger, “Simulating Solar Storms via Active DC Injection from the HVDC Link”, in Electrical Engineers Association Conference (EEA2023), Christchurch, 27 – 29 June, 2023 |
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Michael D. Hartinger , Xueling Shi, Craig J. Rodger, Ikuko Fujii, E. Joshua Rigler, Karl Kappler, Jürgen Matzka, Jeffrey J. Love, Joseph B. H. Baker, Daniel H. Mac Manus, Michael Dalzell, Tanja Petersen, Determining ULF Wave Contributions to Geomagnetically Induced Currents: The Important Role of Sampling, Space Weather, 21, e2022SW003340, doi:10.1029/2022SW003340, 2023 |
2022
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Chen, C, A Kuvshinov, M Kruglyakov, F Munch, and R Rigaud, Constraining the Crustal and Mantle Conductivity Structures Beneath Islands by a Joint Inversion of Multi-Source Magnetic Transfer Functions , J. Geophys. Res., 128, e2022JB024106, doi:10.1029/2022JB024106, 2022 |
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Mac Manus, D H, C J Rodger, M Dalzell, A Renton, G S Richardson, T Petersen, and M A Clilverd, Geomagnetically Induced Current Modeling in New Zealand: Extreme Storm analysis using multiple disturbance scenarios and industry provided hazard magnitudes, Space Weather, 20, e2022SW003320, doi:10.1029/2022SW003320, 2022 |
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Ingham, M, T Divett, C J Rodger, and M Sigley, Impacts of GIC on the New Zealand gas pipeline network, Space Weather, 20, e2022SW003298, doi:10.1029/2022SW003298, 2022 |
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Kruglyakov, M, A Kuvshinov, and M Nair, A proper use of the adjacent land-based observatory magnetic field data to account for the geomagnetic disturbances during offshore directional drilling, Space Weather, 20, e2022SW003238, doi:10.1029/2022SW003238, 2022 |
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Smith, A W, C J Rodger, D H Mac Manus, C Forsyth, I J Rae, M P Freeman, M A Clilverd, T Petersen, and M Dalzell, The Correspondence between Sudden Commencements and Induced Currents: Insights from New Zealand, Space Weather, 20, e2021SW002983, doi:10.1029/2021SW002983, 2022 |
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Kruglyakov, M, and A Kuvshinov, Modelling tippers on a sphere, Geophys. J. Int., 230, 10.1093/gji/ggac199, 2022 |
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Kruglyakov, M, A Kuvshinov, and E Marshalko, Real-Time 3-D Modeling of the Ground Electric Field Due to Space Weather Events. A Concept and its Validation, Space Weather, Volume 20, Issue 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002906, 2022 |
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Beggan, C D, E Eaton, E Maume, E Clarke, J Williamson, and T Humphries, Digitizing UK analogue magnetogram records from large geomagnetic storms of the past two centuries, Royal Met Soc Geoscience data journal, https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.151, 2022 |
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Mac Manus, D H, C J Rodger, M Ingham, M A Clilverd, M Dalzell, T Divett, G S Richardson, and T Petersen, Geomagnetically induced current model in New Zealand across multiple disturbances: validation and extension to non-monitored transformers, Space Weather, Volume 20, Issue 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002955, 2022 |
2021
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Chen, C, M Kruglyakov, A Kuvshinov, Advanced three-dimensional electromagnetic modelling using a nested integral equation approach, Geophysical Journal International , Volume 226, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab072, 2021 |
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Clilverd, M A, C J Rodger, M P Freeman, J B Brundell, D H Mac Manus, M Dalzell, E Clarke, A W P Thomson, F Macleod, and I Frame, Geomagnetically Induced Currents during the 07-08 September 2017 Disturbed Period: a Global Perspective, J. Space Weather Space Climate, 11, no 33, https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021014, 2021 |
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Smith, A W, C Forsyth, I J Rae, C J Rodger, and M P Freeman, The Impact of Sudden Commencements on Ground Magnetic Field Variability: Immediate and Delayed Consequences, Space Weather, 19, e2021SW002764, doi:10.1029/2021SW002764, 2021 |
Presentations
Virtual Talk: Solar Tsunamis Outreach – Annual Project Meeting 2022
The Solar Tsunamis outreach team – Craig Grant, Toni Hoeta, and Jessa Barder from Tūhura Otago Museum, along with electrical engineering student Samuel Mora from the University of Canterbury – talk about solar tsunami outreach, heliophysics pūrākau, and developing new demonstrations to illustrate solar physics to kids around New Zealand.
Virtual Talk: The Darkside of Aurora – Space Weather Risks to NZ Energy Infrastructure
Professor Craig Rodger explains the risk to electricity grids from geomagnetic storms.
Virtual Talk: Space weather impact on grounded technology
Dr Gemma Richardson from BGS gives an overview of space weather forecasting and research, along with a description of the work BGS do to understand how geomagnetically induced currents affect technology.
Virtual Talk: Geomagnetism at BGS
Dr Ciaran Beggan gives an introduciton to the Earth’s magnetic field, and what the British Geological Survey’s interest is in geomagnetism.
